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SW-514 RFC 2544 Test Report

This page presents the RFC 2544 benchmark test results for the Brainboxes SW-514 4-port Gigabit Ethernet switch. RFC 2544 defines a standardised methodology for benchmarking network interconnect devices, covering throughput, latency, frame loss rate, and back-to-back frame handling.

Testing was performed using the Xena2544 v2.97 automated test suite on 3 February 2026, with a total test duration of 12 hours 13 minutes. Tests used the IEEE default frame sizes (64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 1280, 1518 bytes) extended with custom jumbo frame sizes (2048, 4096, 8192, 9000 bytes) in a full-mesh, bidirectional topology across all 4 ports at 1 Gbps (4 Gbps aggregate, 12 bidirectional flows). Latency/Jitter, Frame Loss, and Back-to-Back tests were each run at three offered rates: 45%, 95%, and 100% of line rate.

Result: All Tests Passed

The SW-514 passed all RFC 2544 tests. For IEEE-standard frame sizes (64–1518 bytes) and 2048/4096-byte extended frames, the switch sustained 99.57% of line rate (~3.98 Gbps aggregate) with zero frame loss across all 12 bidirectional flows.

For the largest jumbo frames (8192 and 9000 bytes) the loss-free throughput ceiling is lower — 62.76% (2.51 Gbps) and 47.005% (1.88 Gbps) respectively — reflecting the switch's buffer capacity for very large frames. At these jumbo sizes, sustained 100% line-rate offered load produces measurable loss; details and per-rate numbers are in the sections below.

TestResult
ThroughputPass — 99.57% line rate with zero loss for 64–4096-byte frames; reduced loss-free rate (62.76% / 47.005%) for 8192 / 9000-byte jumbo frames
Latency & JitterPass — at 45%, 95%, and 100% rates
Frame Loss RatePass — 0% loss for 64–4096-byte at 45%/95% rate; trivial (≤ 0.004%) for 64–4096-byte at 100% rate; significant loss at 8192/9000-byte under high load
Back-to-BackPass — full 60-second burst sustained for 64–4096-byte frames at all rates

Test Configuration

ParameterValue
TopologyMesh
DirectionBidirectional
Frame Size TypeCustom Sizes (IEEE Default extended with jumbo frames)
Frame Sizes64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 1280, 1518, 2048, 4096, 8192, 9000 bytes
Port Count4
Port Speed1 Gbps (Auto-negotiated)
Aggregate Line Rate4 Gbps
Bidirectional Flows12 (full mesh)
Toggle Port SyncYes
Flow CreationStream-based
Test ToolXena2544 v2.97
Test ChassisAbyssinian (S/N 2343912)
ModulesOdin-1G-3S-6P (S/N 870628)

Port Configuration

Port IDInterface TypeSpeedRate
P-0-0-0SFP-E 10/100/1000MAuto1 Gbps
P-0-0-1SFP-E 10/100/1000MAuto1 Gbps
P-0-0-2SFP-E 10/100/1000MAuto1 Gbps
P-0-0-3SFP-E 10/100/1000MAuto1 Gbps

Throughput Test

The throughput test determines the maximum rate at which none of the offered frames are dropped by the device. Each frame size was tested for 60 seconds over 3 iterations, with a binary search from 45–100% line rate at 0.5% resolution and 0% acceptable loss.

For frame sizes from 64 through 4096 bytes the SW-514 achieved 99.57% throughput (~3.98 Gbps aggregate) with zero frame loss. For 8192-byte frames the loss-free ceiling was 62.76% (2.51 Gbps); for 9000-byte frames, 47.005% (1.88 Gbps).

Frame Size (bytes)Offered RateTx Rate (L1)Tx Rate (L2)Tx (Frames)Rx (Frames)LossResult
6499.57%3.983 Gbps3.035 Gbps355,608,000355,608,0000Pass
12899.57%3.983 Gbps3.445 Gbps201,831,120201,831,1200Pass
25699.57%3.983 Gbps3.694 Gbps108,228,240108,228,2400Pass
51299.57%3.983 Gbps3.833 Gbps56,148,48056,148,4800Pass
102499.57%3.983 Gbps3.907 Gbps28,612,08028,612,0800Pass
128099.57%3.983 Gbps3.921 Gbps22,977,36022,977,3600Pass
151899.57%3.983 Gbps3.931 Gbps19,422,00019,422,0000Pass
204899.57%3.983 Gbps3.944 Gbps14,443,92014,443,9200Pass
409699.57%3.983 Gbps3.963 Gbps7,256,8807,256,8800Pass
819262.76%2.510 Gbps2.504 Gbps2,292,2402,292,2400Pass
900047.005%1.880 Gbps1.875 Gbps1,562,8801,562,8800Pass

SW-514 Throughput by Frame Size vs Theoretical Max

All 12 bidirectional flows in the full mesh showed identical throughput with zero loss at every frame size at the converged rate.

Per-Port Throughput Results

All four ports produced identical throughput in the full-mesh topology. Each port transmits 1/4 of the aggregate traffic, and receives the same.

Port P-0-0-0 (representative — all four ports identical)

Frame Size (bytes)Tx (Frames)Tx Rate (L1)Tx Rate (L2)Tx Rate (fps)Rx (Frames)
6488,902,000995.7 Mbps758.63 Mbps1,481,70088,902,000
12850,457,780995.7 Mbps861.15 Mbps840,96350,457,780
25627,057,060995.7 Mbps923.55 Mbps450,95127,057,060
51214,037,120995.7 Mbps958.27 Mbps233,95214,037,120
10247,153,020995.7 Mbps976.63 Mbps119,2177,153,020
12805,744,340995.69 Mbps980.37 Mbps95,7395,744,340
15184,855,500995.7 Mbps982.75 Mbps80,9254,855,500
20483,610,980995.67 Mbps986.04 Mbps60,1833,610,980
40961,814,220995.64 Mbps990.81 Mbps30,2371,814,220
8192573,060627.46 Mbps625.93 Mbps9,551573,060
9000390,720469.91 Mbps468.86 Mbps6,512390,720

Latency and Jitter Test

The latency and jitter test measures forwarding delay and its variation across frame sizes. Tests were run for 60 seconds over 3 iterations using last-to-last latency mode, relative to the throughput test results. Testing was performed at 45%, 95%, and 100% of line rate.

Summary tables below show the mean of the four per-port averages, with min/max latency taken from the worst case across all ports.

Results at 45% Rate

Frame Size (bytes)Avg Latency (us)Min Latency (us)Max Latency (us)Avg Jitter (us)Max Jitter (us)Result
641.511.3732.7200.0181.274Pass
1282.241.8863.7870.0321.274Pass
2563.182.9134.7650.0241.683Pass
5125.614.96510.6180.0153.415Pass
102410.469.07122.5410.05113.398Pass
128013.5611.12328.4190.06717.223Pass
151815.1113.03231.7700.07718.642Pass
204819.6017.28144.5600.10224.680Pass
409643.2533.70398.0490.17753.714Pass
819268.3966.546130.8200.24764.202Pass
900073.1773.024130.7560.08757.659Pass

SW-514 Latency by Frame Size at 45% Rate

SW-514 Jitter by Frame Size at 45% Rate

Per-Port Latency and Jitter at 45% Rate

Each port aggregates measurements from the three flows leaving it. Values are averaged over the 3 test iterations.

Port P-0-0-0 (representative — all four ports show comparable values)

Frame Size (bytes)Avg Latency (us)Min Latency (us)Max Latency (us)Avg Jitter (us)Max Jitter (us)
641.5331.3732.4320.0180.962
1282.0531.8862.4880.0220.481
2563.0672.9133.8270.0240.769
5125.3454.9657.9480.0152.862
102410.3219.07115.7580.0506.663
128012.97011.12322.7660.05411.570
151813.80413.03225.3720.06912.316
204819.03517.28135.4430.10218.137
409649.74233.70398.0490.22241.229
819266.84266.546117.3490.23350.755
900073.15873.024103.2130.07130.140

Results at 95% Rate

Frame Size (bytes)Avg Latency (us)Min Latency (us)Max Latency (us)Avg Jitter (us)Max Jitter (us)Result
641.761.3732.8410.0401.395Pass
1282.441.8864.3880.0252.405Pass
2563.872.9137.4350.0674.450Pass
5127.034.96513.0960.0496.133Pass
102412.899.07124.7790.07210.752Pass
128015.5911.12332.0510.07920.855Pass
151817.6313.03236.8940.09414.168Pass
204825.2917.28150.5010.12833.147Pass
409649.2333.70390.7610.02032.955Pass
819278.4366.546132.2390.26465.044Pass
900081.7073.024142.7830.22069.734Pass

SW-514 Latency by Frame Size at 95% Rate

SW-514 Jitter by Frame Size at 95% Rate

Per-Port Latency and Jitter at 95% Rate

Port P-0-0-0 (representative — all four ports show comparable values)

Frame Size (bytes)Avg Latency (us)Min Latency (us)Max Latency (us)Avg Jitter (us)Max Jitter (us)
641.7931.3732.8410.0501.395
1282.4391.8864.0030.0261.371
2564.0352.9136.9300.1603.319
5127.0094.96512.0380.0505.604
102413.5519.07124.7790.07210.752
128015.98311.12330.0550.08011.666
151817.07613.03236.8940.09813.085
204825.01117.28148.9620.11918.353
409652.33033.70390.7610.02331.126
819275.33766.546120.6690.17854.075
900084.24873.024139.1750.21166.078

Results at 100% Rate

Frame Size (bytes)Avg Latency (us)Min Latency (us)Max Latency (us)Avg Jitter (us)Max Jitter (us)Result
641.781.3732.8650.0371.395Pass
1282.571.8864.3880.0192.405Pass
2564.272.9137.4590.0994.474Pass
5127.064.96513.6250.0608.587Pass
102413.069.07125.9090.06716.766Pass
128016.6911.12332.0270.08220.855Pass
151819.2413.03236.7500.09313.879Pass
204826.3817.28150.1880.18131.607Pass
409648.2833.70392.2040.23150.033Pass
819283.1266.546129.3770.26360.401Pass
900083.7073.024141.8210.31368.724Pass

SW-514 Latency by Frame Size at 100% Rate

SW-514 Jitter by Frame Size at 100% Rate

Per-Port Latency and Jitter at 100% Rate

Port P-0-0-0 (representative — all four ports show comparable values)

Frame Size (bytes)Avg Latency (us)Min Latency (us)Max Latency (us)Avg Jitter (us)Max Jitter (us)
641.7741.3732.8650.0531.395
1282.5511.8864.2680.0191.395
2564.2282.9137.4590.0304.474
5126.9894.96513.4570.0445.147
102413.2709.07125.8850.06616.766
128016.99111.12332.0270.08120.855
151819.43213.03236.7500.09712.460
204824.93317.28150.0440.12916.742
409648.24633.70391.8670.24142.600
819272.53566.546105.1290.11238.535
900076.11773.024139.8970.31566.824

Frame Loss Rate Test

The frame loss rate test measures the percentage of frames that are not forwarded by the device under steady-state conditions. Each frame size was tested for 60 seconds over 3 iterations. No pass/fail criteria were configured.

For IEEE-standard frame sizes (64–1518 bytes) and extended sizes up to 4096 bytes the SW-514 achieved zero frame loss at 45% and 95% rates, and only trivial loss (≤ 0.004%) at 100% rate. At 8192 and 9000 bytes the device shows measurable loss, growing with the offered rate.

Results at 45% Rate

Frame Size (bytes)Tx (Frames)Rx (Frames)Tx Rate (L1)Loss (Frames)Loss RateResult
64160,714,080160,714,0801.800 Gbps00%Pass
12891,216,08091,216,0801.800 Gbps00%Pass
25648,912,48048,912,4801.800 Gbps00%Pass
51225,375,68025,375,6801.800 Gbps00%Pass
102412,930,48012,930,4801.800 Gbps00%Pass
128010,384,56010,384,5601.800 Gbps00%Pass
15188,777,5208,777,5201.800 Gbps00%Pass
20486,527,5206,527,5201.800 Gbps00%Pass
40963,279,6003,279,6001.800 Gbps00%Pass
81921,643,7601,596,7181.800 Gbps47,0422.86%Pass
90001,496,1601,494,1521.799 Gbps2,0080.13%Pass

SW-514 Frame Loss by Frame Size at 45% Rate

Per-Port Frame Loss at 45% Rate

Port P-0-0-0 (representative — all four ports identical)

Frame Size (bytes)Tx (Frames)Tx Rate (L1)Tx Rate (fps)Rx (Frames)
6440,178,520450 Mbps669,64240,178,520
12822,804,020450 Mbps380,06722,804,020
25612,228,120449.99 Mbps203,80212,228,120
5126,343,920450 Mbps105,7326,343,920
10243,232,620449.98 Mbps53,8773,232,620
12802,596,140450 Mbps43,2692,596,140
15182,194,380449.99 Mbps36,5732,194,380
20481,631,880449.96 Mbps27,1981,631,880
4096819,900449.96 Mbps13,665819,900
8192410,940449.95 Mbps6,849368,577
9000374,040449.85 Mbps6,234374,040

Results at 95% Rate

Frame Size (bytes)Tx (Frames)Rx (Frames)Tx Rate (L1)Loss (Frames)Loss RateResult
64339,285,600339,285,6003.800 Gbps00%Pass
128192,566,880192,566,8803.800 Gbps00%Pass
256103,260,240103,260,2403.800 Gbps00%Pass
51253,570,88053,570,8803.800 Gbps00%Pass
102427,298,80027,298,8003.800 Gbps00%Pass
128021,922,56021,922,5603.800 Gbps00%Pass
151818,529,92018,529,9203.800 Gbps00%Pass
204813,780,80013,780,8003.800 Gbps00%Pass
40966,923,5206,923,5203.800 Gbps00%Pass
81923,470,4003,084,8723.800 Gbps385,52811.11%Pass
90003,159,3602,545,1583.800 Gbps614,20219.44%Pass

SW-514 Frame Loss by Frame Size at 95% Rate

Per-Port Frame Loss at 95% Rate

Port P-0-0-0 (representative — all four ports identical for 64–4096-byte frames; jumbo-frame Rx counts vary per port)

Frame Size (bytes)Tx (Frames)Tx Rate (L1)Tx Rate (fps)Rx (Frames)
6484,821,400950 Mbps1,413,69084,821,400
12848,141,720950 Mbps802,36248,141,720
25625,815,060949.99 Mbps430,25125,815,060
51213,392,720949.99 Mbps223,21213,392,720
10246,824,700950 Mbps113,7456,824,700
12805,480,640949.98 Mbps91,3445,480,640
15184,632,480949.97 Mbps77,2084,632,480
20483,445,200949.96 Mbps57,4203,445,200
40961,730,880949.91 Mbps28,8481,730,880
8192867,600949.96 Mbps14,460771,213
9000789,840949.91 Mbps13,164614,344

Results at 100% Rate

Frame Size (bytes)Tx (Frames)Rx (Frames)Tx Rate (L1)Loss (Frames)Loss RateResult
64357,142,320357,129,8184.000 Gbps12,5020.004%Pass
128202,702,320202,695,3184.000 Gbps7,0020.003%Pass
256108,695,520108,691,8754.000 Gbps3,6450.003%Pass
51256,390,40056,388,4984.000 Gbps1,9020.003%Pass
102428,735,20028,734,2254.000 Gbps9750.003%Pass
128023,076,72023,075,9334.000 Gbps7870.003%Pass
151819,505,52019,504,8524.000 Gbps6680.003%Pass
204814,506,56014,506,0624.000 Gbps4980.003%Pass
40967,288,5607,288,3024.000 Gbps2580.004%Pass
81923,652,5603,054,0193.999 Gbps598,54116.39%Pass
90003,325,6802,601,3124.000 Gbps724,36821.78%Pass

SW-514 Frame Loss by Frame Size at 100% Rate

Per-Port Frame Loss at 100% Rate

Port P-0-0-0 (representative)

Frame Size (bytes)Tx (Frames)Tx Rate (L1)Tx Rate (fps)Rx (Frames)
6489,285,5801000 Mbps1,488,09389,282,448
12850,675,5801000 Mbps844,59350,673,822
25627,173,8801000 Mbps452,89827,172,948
51214,097,600999.99 Mbps234,96014,097,112
10247,183,800999.98 Mbps119,7307,183,553
12805,769,180999.99 Mbps96,1535,768,977
15184,876,380999.98 Mbps81,2734,876,206
20483,626,640999.99 Mbps60,4443,626,512
40961,822,140999.99 Mbps30,3691,822,075
8192913,140999.83 Mbps15,219811,089
9000831,420999.92 Mbps13,857725,377

Back-to-Back Test

The back-to-back test measures the longest burst of frames the device can forward without loss. Each frame size was tested for 60 seconds over 3 iterations with a common result scope. The SW-514 sustained the full 60-second burst at 45%, 95%, and 100% offered rates for frame sizes from 64 through 4096 bytes. At 8192 and 9000 bytes the maximum loss-free burst is shorter under high offered load.

Results at 45% Rate

Frame Size (bytes)Tx Burst (Frames)Tx Burst (Bytes)Max Offered Rate (fps)Max Offered Rate (Mbps)Result
64160,714,28410,285,714,1762,678,5711,800.00Pass
12891,216,21211,675,675,1361,520,2701,800.00Pass
25648,913,03212,521,736,192815,2171,800.00Pass
51225,375,93212,992,477,184422,9321,799.99Pass
102412,931,03213,241,376,768215,5171,800.00Pass
128010,384,60813,292,298,240173,0771,799.99Pass
15188,777,62813,324,439,304146,2941,799.99Pass
20486,528,03613,369,417,728108,8011,799.99Pass
40963,279,87613,434,372,09654,6651,799.99Pass
81921,238,09610,142,482,43227,3991,799.99Pass
9000665,6285,990,652,00024,9441,799.99Pass

SW-514 Maximum Burst by Frame Size at 45% Rate

Per-Port Back-to-Back at 45% Rate

Port P-0-0-0 (representative — all four ports comparable)

Frame Size (bytes)Tx Burst (Frames)Tx Burst (Bytes)
6440,178,5712,571,428,544
12822,804,0532,918,918,784
25612,228,2583,130,434,048
5126,343,9833,248,119,296
10243,232,7583,310,344,192
12802,596,1523,323,074,560
15182,194,4073,331,109,826
20481,632,0093,342,354,432
4096819,9693,358,593,024
8192309,5242,535,620,608
9000166,4071,497,663,000

Results at 95% Rate

Frame Size (bytes)Tx Burst (Frames)Tx Burst (Bytes)Max Offered Rate (fps)Max Offered Rate (Mbps)Result
64339,285,70821,714,285,3125,637,1443,788.16Pass
128192,567,56424,648,648,1923,200,1773,789.01Pass
256103,260,86426,434,781,1841,715,9533,788.82Pass
51253,571,42027,428,567,040892,8573,800.00Pass
102427,298,84827,954,020,352454,9813,800.00Pass
128021,923,07628,061,537,280365,3853,800.00Pass
151818,530,55628,129,384,008307,9933,789.54Pass
204813,781,42428,224,356,352229,6903,800.00Pass
40966,924,19228,361,490,432115,0533,788.47Pass
81922,508,27620,547,796,99257,6683,788.54Pass
9000169,7001,527,300,00052,5103,789.11Pass

SW-514 Maximum Burst by Frame Size at 95% Rate

Per-Port Back-to-Back at 95% Rate

Port P-0-0-0 (representative — all four ports comparable)

Frame Size (bytes)Tx Burst (Frames)Tx Burst (Bytes)
6484,821,4275,428,571,328
12848,141,8916,162,162,048
25625,815,2166,608,695,296
51213,392,8556,857,141,760
10246,824,7126,988,505,088
12805,480,7697,015,384,320
15184,632,6397,032,346,002
20483,445,3567,056,089,088
40961,731,0487,090,372,608
8192627,0695,136,949,248
900042,425381,825,000

Results at 100% Rate

Frame Size (bytes)Tx Burst (Frames)Tx Burst (Bytes)Max Offered Rate (fps)Max Offered Rate (Mbps)Result
64357,142,84822,857,142,2725,952,3814,000.00Pass
128202,702,69225,945,944,5763,378,3784,000.00Pass
256108,695,65227,826,086,9121,811,5944,000.00Pass
51256,390,97628,872,179,712939,8504,000.00Pass
102428,735,63229,425,287,168478,9274,000.00Pass
128023,076,91229,538,447,360384,6154,000.00Pass
151819,505,84429,609,871,192325,0974,000.00Pass
204814,506,76429,709,852,672241,7794,000.00Pass
40967,288,62029,854,187,520121,4773,999.99Pass
81921,48412,156,92860,8863,999.99Pass
90003963,564,00055,4323,999.99Pass

SW-514 Maximum Burst by Frame Size at 100% Rate

Per-Port Back-to-Back at 100% Rate

Port P-0-0-0 (representative)

Frame Size (bytes)Tx Burst (Frames)Tx Burst (Bytes)
6489,285,7125,714,285,568
12850,675,6736,486,486,144
25627,173,9136,956,521,728
51214,097,7447,218,044,928
10247,183,9087,356,321,792
12805,769,2287,384,611,840
15184,876,4617,402,467,798
20483,626,6917,427,463,168
40961,822,1557,463,546,880
81923713,039,232
900099891,000

About This Test

RFC 2544 defines a benchmarking methodology for network interconnect devices, covering throughput, latency, frame loss rate, and back-to-back frame handling. Testing was carried out using the Xena2544 automated test suite (v2.97). Each measurement is the average of 3 iterations as specified in the test setup.

This report extends the standard IEEE frame sizes (64–1518 bytes) with custom jumbo frame sizes (2048, 4096, 8192, 9000 bytes) to characterise the SW-514's behaviour with larger payloads.